Dynamics of Solidification in 2% Corn Starch-Water Mixtures: Effect of Variations in Freezing Rate on Product Homogeneity

Directional solidification studies of gelatinized corn starch-water mixtures were undertaken in order to examine, in situ, the freezing behavior of this food model. The solidification rate was controlled by varying sample cell velocity as it moved from a 25°C hot stage to a -25°C cold stage. While freezing at cell velocities ≤7.5 μm/sec, starch granules were alternately pushed or entrapped by the advancing solid-liquid interface producing a segregated structure consisting of alternating high-starch and low-starch bands. At a cell velocity of 10 μm/sec, the frozen product was homogeneous. The relationship between the solid-liquid interface velocity and segregation behavior was quantified and compared to an existing model of particle-interface interactions.     

前陆盆地前缘隆起带圈闭的形成及其含油气性——以塔里木盆地沙雅隆起为例

前陆盆地前缘隆起是一重要油气聚集带,其特殊的构造部位及复杂的动力学演化过程决定了在该部位有多种圈闭形成和分布。塔里木盆地库车前陆盆地由三叠系、侏罗系烃源岩发育而成的成油体系中的前缘隆起——沙雅隆起区经历了海西期挤压形成雏形、印支—燕山早期挤压定型、燕山晚期—喜马拉雅中期拱张、喜马拉雅晚期挤压拗陷等构造活动阶段,圈闭形成与构造活动相关,成藏与烃源岩演化、幕式构造运动有关,因此各圈闭带的含油气性与圈闭形成期和油气运聚期的匹配有很大关系,由此划分出沙雅前缘隆起区的3级有利构造带。      

PI control of discrete linear repetitive processes

Repetitive processes are a distinct class of 2D systems (i.e. information propagation in two independent directions) of both systems theoretic and applications interest. They cannot be controlled by direct extension of existing techniques from either standard (termed 1D here) or 2D systems theory. In this paper, we exploit their unique physical structure to show how two term, i.e. proportional plus integral (or PI) action, can be used to control these processes to produce desired behavior (as opposed to just stability).     

New Engineered Particles from Spray Dryers: Research Needs in Spray Drying

This article reviews developments in the simulations of spray dryer behavior, including the challenges in modeling the complex flow patterns inside the equipment, which are often highly transient and three-dimensional in nature. There appears to be considerable scope for using CFD simulations for investigating methods to reduce the rates of wall deposition and of thermal degradation for particles by modifying the air flow patterns in the chamber through small changes in the air inlet geometry. Challenges include building particle drying kinetics and reaction processes, as well as agglomeration behavior, into these simulations. The numerical simulations should be valuable supplements to pilot-scale testing, enabling more extensive and accurate optimization to be carried out than hitherto possible. New understanding of reaction processes and materials science, in combination with recent knowledge of the application of CFD to these problems, may enable new engineered powder products to be developed from the one-step spray-drying process.     

板型燃料组件内部温度场数值模拟

以板型燃料组件为研究对象，采用商用流体力学计算程序CFX5对板型燃料组件内部温度场进行数值模拟。数值计算结果表明：燃料组件不同流道的流速分布和温度分布均较均匀，单一流道的流速分布和温度分布也较均匀。燃料板所构成的各流道从外到内流速变化不太大，在中间流道内流速稍小一些，但差值很小；燃料组件单一流道内的流速在壁面附近快速减小，壁面上流速为0。燃料板和定位梳的温度最高，侧板温度与板间流体温度相近，侧板外侧的流体温度较低。     

Flow Control Through the Use of Topography

In this work, optimal shaft shapes for flow in the annular space between a rotating shaft with axially-periodic radius and a fixed coaxial outer circular cylinder, are investigated. Axisymmetric steady flows in this geometry are determined by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations in the actual domain. A measure of the flow field, a weighted convex combination of the volume averaged square of the L₂-norm of the velocity and vorticity vectors, is employed. It has been demonstrated that boundary shape can be used to influence the characteristics of the flow field, such as its velocity component distribution, kinetic energy, or even vorticity. This ability to influence flow fields through boundary shape may be employed to improve microfluidic mixing or, possibly, to minimize shear in biological applications.     

Chemical vapor deposition of amorphous ruthenium-phosphorus alloy films

Chemical vapor deposition growth of amorphous ruthenium-phosphorus films on SiO₂ containing ∼ 15% phosphorus is reported. cis-Ruthenium(II)dihydridotetrakis-(trimethylphosphine), cis-RuH₂(PMe₃)₄ (Me = CH₃) was used at growth temperatures ranging from 525 to 575 K. Both Ru and P are zero-valent. The films are metastable, becoming increasingly more polycrystalline upon annealing to 775 and 975 K. Surface studies illustrate that demethylation is quite efficient near 560 K. Precursor adsorption at 135 K or 210 K and heating reveal the precursor undergoes a complex decomposition process in which the hydride and trimethylphosphine ligands are lost at temperatures as low at 280 K. Phosphorus and its manner of incorporation appear responsible for the amorphous-like character. Molecular dynamics simulations are presented to suggest the local structure in the films and the causes for phosphorus stabilizing the amorphous phase.     

柴达木盆地北缘的右行走滑冲断系统及其动力学

通过对于断裂系统分析和地球物理资料的解释,证实了柴达木盆地北缘西段的主要构造形成时间为上新世以后,变形样式为一系列右行走滑冲断构造。走滑冲断构造带内部的断层在平面上呈分支复合,剖面上表现为正花状构造,断层上、下盘地层层序无法直接对比。右行走滑冲断构造形成于南祁连由北向南的斜向推覆作用,而主要应力来源于柴达木地块北缘由南向北的陆内俯冲作用。用一个运动学模型解释了柴北缘的右行走滑冲断作用机制。     

基于MATLAB的振动压路机计算机仿真

该文建立了一种具有二级减振系统三自由度的非线性振动压路机一土壤动力学模型，并运用MATLAB仿真工具对振动压路机在这种非线性状态下的动力学特性进行了一些研究工作，揭示了其与混沌运动的密切联系。该文的力学模型及其结果均是新的，对设计生产部门具有重要的参考价值。     

Copper(II) removal from aqueous solutions by fly ash

The removal of Cu(II) by adsorption on fly ash has been found to be concentration, pH and temperature dependent. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be diffusion controlled. The Langmuir constants have been calculated at different temperatures, and the adsorption has been found to be endothermic (ΔH = 15.652 kcal mol^?1). The maximum removal is observed at pH 8.0, and variation in adsorption with pH has been explained on the basis of surface ionisation and complexation.